Botany I

Paper Code: 
GFRS 112A
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

COURSE OBJECTIVES: 

The student at the completion of the course will be able to:

CO 1: Develop understanding about the classification and diversity of different microbes including viruses, Algae, Fungi & Lichens & their economic importance.

CO 2: Develop conceptual skill about identifying microbes, pathogens, biofertilizers & lichens.

CO 3: Gain knowledge about developing commercial enterprise of microbial products.

CO4: Learn host –pathogen relationship and disease management.

CO 5: Learn Presentation skills (oral & writing) in life sciences by usage of computer of computer &multimedia

CO 6: Gain Knowledge about uses of microbes in various fields.

CO 7: Understand the structure and reproduction of certain selected bacteria algae, fungi and lichens

CO 8: Gain Knowledge about the economic values of this lower group of plant community.

 
12.00
Unit I: 
Unit I – Microbial world

  • Cell structure of Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Structure of a bacteria; Bacterial Chemotaxis and Quorum sensing, Bacterial Growth curve, factors affecting growth of microbes; measurement of growth; Batch culture, fed batch culture and continuous culture; Synchronous growth of microbes; Sporulation and reproduction and recombination in bacteria;

  • Viruses, general characteristics, viral culture, Structure of viruses, Bacteriophages, Structure of T4 &, λ-phage; Lytic and Lysogenic cycles, viroid, Prions & myco & phytoplasma, Actinomycetes & plasmids and their economic uses.

12.00
Unit II: 
Unit II – Phycology

• Range of thallus organization in Algae, Pigments, Reserve food Reproduction – Classification and life cycle of – Nostoc; Chlorella, Volvox, Oedogonium, Chara; Sargassum, Ectocarpus, Polysiphonia.

• Economic importance of algae - Role of algae in soil fertility biofertilizer – Nitrogen fixation- Symbiosis; Commercial products of algae –biofuel, Agar.

12.00
Unit III: 
Unit III – Mycology

General characteristics, nutrition, life cycle, Economic importance of Fungi, Classification upto class. Distinguishing characters of Myxomycotina -General characters. Zygomycotina – Rhizopus, Ascomycotina -Saccharomyces, Penicillium, Peziza, Basidiomycotina- Ustilago, Puccinia, Agaricus; Deuteromycotina – Fusarium, Alternaria, Heterothallism, Physiological specialization, Heterokaryosis & Parasexuality

12.00
Unit IV: 
Unit IV – Mushroom Cultivation, Lichenology & Mycorrihza

• Mushroom cultivation.

• General account of lichens, reproduction and significance; Mycorrhiza: ectomycorrhiza and endomycorrhiza and their significance.

12.00
Unit V: 
Unit V – Plant Pathology
  • Disease concept, Symptoms, Etiology & causal complex,
  • Primary and secondary inoculum, Infection, Pathogenicity and pathogenesis, Koch’s Postulates.
  • Mechanism of infection (Brief idea about Pre-penetration, Penetration and Post-penetration), Disease cycle (monocyclic, polycyclic and polyetic).
  • Defense mechanism with special reference to Phytoalexin, Resistance- Systemic acquired and Induced systemic..fungicides- Bordeaux mixture, Lime sulphur, Tobacco decoction, Neem cake & oil
Essential Readings: 

  • Kumar, H.D. (1999). Introductory Phycology. Affiliated East-West. Press Pvt. Ltd. Delhi. 2nd edition.

  • Tortora, G.J., Funke, B.R., Case, C.L. (2010). Microbiology: An Introduction, Pearson Benjamin Cummings, U.S.A. 10th edition.

  • 3. Sethi, I.K. and Walia, S.K. (2011). Text book of Fungi & Their Allies, MacMillan Publishers Pvt. Ltd., Delhi.

  • Aggarwal, S. K. 2009. Foundation Course in Biology, A one books Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

  • Aneja, K. R. 1993. Experiments in Microbiology, Pathology and Tissue Culture, Vishwa Prakashan, NewDelhi.

  • Annie Ragland, 2012. Algae and Bryophytes, Saras Publication, Kanyakumari, India.

  • Basu, A. N. 1993. Essentials of Plant Viruses, Vectors and Plant diseases, New Age International, New Delhi.

  • Chopra. G. L. 1984. A text book of Algae, Rastogi publications, Meerut,India.

  • Desikachari, T. V. 1959. Cyanophyta, ICAR, New Delhi.

  • Dubey, R. C. and Maheshwari. D.K. 2012. Practical Microbiology, S. Chand & Company, Pvt. Ltd., NewDelhi.

  • Fritsch, R. E. 1977. Structure and Reproduction of Algae, Cambridge University Press, London.

  • Kodo, C.I. and Agarwal, H.O.1972. Principles and techniques in Plant Virology, Van Nostrand, Reinhold Company, New York.

  • Agrios, G.N. (1997). Plant Pathology, 4th edition. Cambridge, U.K.: Academic Press.

  • Alexopoulos, C.J., Mims, C.W., Blackwell, M. (1996). Introductory Mycology, 4th edition. Singapore, Singapore: John Wiley & Sons.

  • Sethi, I.K. and Walia, S.K. (2011). Text book of Fungi and Their Allies. Noida, U.P.: Macmillan Publishers India Ltd.

  • Reven, F.H., Evert, R. F., Eichhorn, S.E. (1992). Biology of Plants. New York, NY: W.H. Freeman and Company.

  • Sharma, P.D. (2011). Plant Pathology. Meerut, U.P.: Rastogi Publication.

  • Webster, J., Weber, R. (2007). Introduction to Fungi, 3rd edition. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press..

  • Pandey B.P. 2001. College Botany Volume 1, S Chand & Company Pvt.Ltd, New Delhi.

  • Pandey. B.P. 2014 Modern Practical Botany, (Vol-I) S. Chand and Company Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

Academic Year: 
2022-2023
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