Botany II

Paper Code: 
GFRS 212A
Credits: 
4
Contact Hours: 
60.00
Max. Marks: 
100.00
Objective: 

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

CO 1: After the completion of the course the students will be able to:

CO 2: Develop critical understanding on morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Bryophytes, Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms

CO 3: Understanding of plant evolution and their transition to land habitat.

CO 4:Understand morphology, anatomy, reproduction and developmental changes therein through typological study and create a knowledge base in understanding the basis of plant diversity, economic values & taxonomy of plants

CO 5:Understand the details of external and internal structures of flowering plants

 
12.00
Unit I: 
Unit I – Introduction to Archegoniates, Bryophytes & Pteridophytes

• Unique features of archegoniate, Bryophytes:

General characteristics, adaptations to land habit, Range of thallus organization. Classification (up to family), morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Riccia, Marchantia, Anthoceros and Sphagnum. (Developmental details not to be included). economic importance of bryophytes.

• Pteridophytes

General characteristics, Early land plants (Rhynia). Classification (up to family)with examples, Heterospory and seed habit, stelar evolution, economic importance of Pteridophytes.

 
12.00
Unit II: 
Unit II – Gymnosperms & Palaeobotany

• Classification and distribution of gymnosperms; Salient features of Cycadales, Ginkgoales, Coniferales and Gnetales, their examples, structure and reproduction; economic importance

• General account of Cycadofilicales, Bennettitales and Cordaitales; Geological time scale; Brief account of proce

12.00
Unit III: 
Unit III – Angiosperm Morphology (Stem, Roots, Leaves & Flowers, Inflorescence)

• Morphology and modifications of roots; Stem, leaf and bud. Types of inflorescences; flowers, flower parts, fruits and types of placentation; Definition and types of seeds.

12.00
Unit IV: 
Unit IV – Plant Anatomy

• Meristematic and permanent tissues, Organs (root, stem and leaf). Apical meristems & theories on apical organization - Apical cell theory, Histogen theory, Tunica - Corpus theory. Secondary growth - Root and stem- cambium (structure and function) annular rings, Anomalous secondary growth - Bignonia, Boerhaavia, Dracaena,Nyctanthus

12.00
Unit V: 
Unit V – Reproductive Botany

• Plant Embryology, Structure of microsporangium, microsporogenesis, , Structure of megasporangium and its types, megasporogenesis, Structure and types of female gametophyte, types of pollination, Methods of pollination, Germination of pollen grain, structure of male gametophyte, Fertilization, structure of dicot and monocot embryo, Endosperm, Double fertilization, Apomixis and polyembryony.

Essential Readings: 

 

  • Gangulee H. S. and K. Kar 1992. College Botany Vol. I and II. (New Central Book Agency)

  • Bhatnagar, S.P. and Moitra, A. (1996). Gymnosperms. New Age International (P) Ltd Publishers, New Delhi, India.

  • Parihar, N.S. (1991). An introduction to Embryophyta. Vol. I. Bryophyta. Central Book Depot, Allahabad.

  • Rashid A (1999) An Introduction to Pteridophyta, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

  • Sharma OP (1990) Textbook of Pteridophyta. MacMillan India Ltd. Delhi.

  • Vashishtha BR, Sinha AK and Kumar A (2010) Botany for Degree Students – Pteridophyta, S. Chand and Company,

  • Vashishtha BR, Sinha AK and Kumar A (2010) Botany for Degree Students – Gymnosperms, S. Chand and

  • Parihar NS (1976) Biology and Morphology of Pteridophytes. Central Book Depot.

  • Bhatnagar SP (1996) Gymnosperms, New Age International Publisher.

  • Pandey BP (2010) College Botany Vol II S. Chand and Company, New Delhi

Academic Year: 
2022-2023
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